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} Dark brown occurs as color produced by mixing small intensities of red and green, orange and blue, or yellow and purple pigment. Light brown lives as the colour perception single when in contact with a brightly color counterpoint.

Usage, symbolism, colloquial expressions
Brown is the color of the snooker ball which has a Foursome-point value. Brown is the color of numerous soils. Brown is the color of virtually all mammal's feces. Mixed-race souls were classified when black, or even colored, in apartheid-era South Africa. Brown may refer to humans of Latino, Filipino, South Asian, or Middle Eastern descent. Pullman Red is the color of the United Parcel Service (UPS) delivery company with their trademark dark brown trucks & uniforms. UPS Black (Pantone code 0607298) is a trademark of UPS. Brown symbolizes Nazism in Germany. A Sturmabteilung wore brown uniforms & was referred to as a brownshirts. Brown University is an undergraduate college & locate university located in Providence, Rhode Island.

Brown pigments
Bistre Sienna (burnt and birthday suit) Umber (burnt and birthday suit) Van Dyke brown

Wing-N-Wave Labradors Genetics
Introduction to coat color genetics of the Labrador, including a detailed list of all recognized color genotypes and their corresponding phenotypes including Agouti (A) and Brown (B) series.

Australian Shepherd - Red Versus Black
Describes the gene responsible for black and red colors in Australian Shepherds.

Doberman Pinscher Color Inheritance Chart
Mating chart showing all color combinations possible according to the Blue Dilution (D) and Brown (B) genes for this breed.

B/b, E/e, and Beyond
A Detailed Examination of Coat Color Genetics in the Labrador Retriever.

Coat Color Inheritance in the Labrador Retriever
Describes inheritance of the Brown (B) and Extension (E) genes in this breed, with interactive illustrated mating chart.

VetGen
DNA testing for von Willebrands disease and color gene testing for presence of e and b alleles. Also mating charts for Schipperke and Labradors.